RESUMO
Background: Anorectal malformations (ARM) are congenital malformations of digestive system resulting from the disturbed development of hindgut during embryogenesis. ARMs involve both sexes; can occur either isolated or in association with other congenital abnormalities and may be associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Association of trisomy 21 with anorectal malformation is well documented. Present study was conducted to assess prevalence of association of trisomy 21 in patients with anorectal malformation.Methods: Total 48 children with diagnosis of anorectal malformation, who were admitted in Department of Paediatric Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected and their cytogenetic analysis was carried out in the Cytogenetics laboratory, Department of Anatomy, KGMU-U.P, Lucknow, India.Results: Among the 48 study subjects, karyogram could be successfully obtained for 45 cases (93.75%). Numerical anomalies were observed in 8.9% cases. Trisomy 21 was found in 6.7%. The prevalence of trisomy 21 was found to more in males (4.5%) as compared to females (2.2%). Prevalence was highest in birth order 3(20%), followed by birth order 2(7.14%) and lowest in birth order 1(3.85%). Trisomy in association with ARM; was observed in children born to females aged >30 years. It was found unrelated to the history of consanguinity.Conclusions: Prevalence of association of trisomy 21 with ARM was found to be 6.7%. This coexistence emphasizes the need for a thorough investigation of patients with ARM.
RESUMO
Presence of supernumerary renal artery (accessory renal artery) is the most common anatomical variation of renal arterial systemand is seen with varying frequencies among different ethnic and racial groups. Prior knowledge of these variations is of great surgical importance as it influences the selection of donor kidney, partial nephrectomy and other urological procedures. Aim of the present study was to observe the prevalence of accessory renal artery (ARA) and their distribution pattern with relation to gender and side in adultNorth Indian population. One hundred normal healthy adult (16 males and 84 females; mean age of 43.5±10.42 years) who were prospective voluntary kidney donors underwent MDCTand CTangiography evaluation for the presence of accessory renal artery. Accessory renal artery (ARA) was present in 25.0% kidneys. The prevalence of accessory renal arteries in males and females was similar (25.0%) respectively. On the right side the prevalence of accessory renal artery was 26.0% and on left side it was 24.0%. In males 25% kidneys had unilateral single accessory renal artery. In females 14.3% of left kidneys and 16.7% of right kidneys had a single unilateral accessory renal artery. In 9.5% femalesubjects bilateral accessory renal arteries were present in the kidneys. The prevalence of accessory renal artery in our North Indian population was 25.0%, which is similar to studies from other Asian countries. The distribution pattern was not affected by gender and side. These findings need further validation in a larger cohort of subjects.
RESUMO
Aim: The paranasal sinuses are subject to large variety of lesions. Congenital malformations and normal anatomic variations are important in this region To find out prevalence of frontal sinus aplasia in normal healthy population and to discuss its clinical importance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis is performed on CT scans of head & neck region of patients visiting Radio-diagnosis Department of Era’s Lucknow Medical College. Results: Frontal sinus aplasia was observed in 6.6% of target population. Conclusion: It is important for surgeons to be aware of variations in sinuses that may predispose patients to increased risk of intraoperative complications and help avoid possible complications and improve success of management strategies.